Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- história de trabalhos repetitivos ou atividades/hobbies acima do nível da cabeça
- dor nos membros superiores e áreas adjacentes
- parestesias nos braços, nas mãos e/ou nos dedos
- alterações circulatórias nos membros superiores
- fadiga do membro superior
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- história de fratura clavicular
- palpação da costela cervical
- distensão da veia acessória subcutânea ao redor dos ombros (sinal de Urschel)
- fraqueza motora
- hiperidrose
- atrofia muscular da eminência tenar
- dor por esforço/claudicação
- sopro sistólico supraclavicular
- diferença na pressão arterial entre os membros
- teste de Adson (escaleno) positivo
- teste costoclavicular positivo
- teste de hiperabdução positivo
- teste de estresse com braço elevado positivo (teste de Roos)
- teste de estiramento positivo
- testes de tensão do membro superior positivos
- manobra de Wright positiva
- edema/inchaço dos membros superiores
Fatores de risco
- costelas cervicais (parciais ou completas)
- primeira costela anormal (hipoplásica) ou anormalidades ósseas
- anomalias do desenvolvimento muscular (interdigitação, músculo escaleno mínimo)
- bandas fibro-fasciais ou ligamentares
- fraturas da clavícula ou da primeira costela
- desenvolvimento excessivo dos músculos (musculação, trabalho pesado com membros superiores)
- lesões traumáticas (chicote, lesões por distração dos membros superiores)
Investigações diagnósticas
Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas
- radiografia torácica
- raio-X da coluna cervical
- testes eletrodiagnósticos (velocidade de condução nervosa e eletromiografia)
- ultrassonografia duplex
- venografia contrastada, terapia direcionada por cateter
- Angiotomografia
Investigações a serem consideradas
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) do pescoço/clavícula/ombro
- bloqueio do músculo
- arteriografia convencional
- angiografia por ressonância magnética (ARM)
- venografia por ressonância magnética
- Hemograma completo, coagulação e estudos de trombofilia
Algoritmo de tratamento
SDT neurogênica (SDTN)
síndrome do desfiladeiro torácico venosa (SDTv)
síndrome do desfiladeiro torácico arterial (SDTA)
neurovascular (combinada)
Colaboradores
Autores
Robert W. Thompson, MD
Center for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Department of Surgery (Section of Vascular Surgery)
Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital
St. Louis
MO
Declarações
RWT is an author of several references cited in this topic, has co-authored articles with other authors on this topic, has contributed to educational events on this topic, has provided expert witness testimony on this topic, and has directed use of philanthropic funds received by Washington University School of Medicine to support staff for research on this topic.
Hugh A. Gelabert, MD
Division of Vascular Surgery
Gonda (Goldschmied) Vascular Center
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles
CA
Declarações
HAG is an author of several references cited in this topic, has co-authored articles with other authors on this topic, has contributed to educational events on this topic, has provided expert witness testimony on this topic, and has directed use of philanthropic funds received by University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine to support research on this topic.
Joep A. W. Teijink, MD
Department of Vascular Surgery
Catharina Hospital
Eindhoven
The Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology
CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care
Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences
Maastricht University
Maastricht
The Netherlands
Declarações
JAWT is co-author of several references cited in this topic, has contributed to educational events on this topic, and has provided expert witness testimony on this topic. No financial disclosures.
Agradecimentos
Dr Robert W. Thompson, Dr Joep A.W. Teijink, and Dr Hugh A. Gelaber would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Chaney Stewman, Dr Marc I. Harwood, Dr Pedro K. Beredjiklian, Dr Peter C. Vitanzo, Dr Harold C. Urschel Jr, Rachel Montano, and Brenda Knee, previous contributors to this topic. CS is the author of a reference cited in this topic. MIH is the author of a reference cited in this topic. PKB has stock ownership in Wright Medical Inc. PCV is the author of a reference cited in this topic. HCU is an author of several references cited in this topic. RM and BK declare that they have no competing interests.
Revisores
Ian Loftus, BSc, MB, ChB, FRCS, MD
Professor of Vascular Surgery
St. George's NHS Healthcare Trust
London
UK
Declarações
IL declares that he has no competing interests.
Scott R. Laker, MD
Assistant Professor
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Aurora
CO
Declarações
SRL is the author of a reference cited in this topic.
John A. Kern, MD
Chief
Cardiothoracic Surgery
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville
VA
Declarações
JAK declares that he has no competing interests.
Peer reviewer acknowledgements
BMJ Best Practice topics are updated on a rolling basis in line with developments in evidence and guidance. The peer reviewers listed here have reviewed the content at least once during the history of the topic.
Disclosures
Peer reviewer affiliations and disclosures pertain to the time of the review.
Referências
Principais artigos
Illig KA, Donahue D, Duncan A, et al. Reporting standards of the Society for Vascular Surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2016 Sep;64(3):e23-35.Texto completo Resumo
Vemuri C, McLaughlin LN, Abuirqeba AA, et al. Clinical presentation and management of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2017 May;65(5):1429-39.Texto completo Resumo
Vemuri C, Salehi P, Benarroch-Gampel J, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of effort-induced thrombosis of the axillary subclavian vein due to venous thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2016 Oct;4(4):485-500.Texto completo Resumo
George EL, Arya S, Rothenberg KA, et al. Contemporary practices and complications of surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome in the United States. Ann Vasc Surg. 2021 Apr;72:147-58. Resumo
Peek J, Vos CG, Ünlü Ç, et al. Outcome of surgical treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2017 Apr;40:303-26. Resumo
Artigos de referência
Uma lista completa das fontes referenciadas neste tópico está disponível para os usuários com acesso total ao BMJ Best Practice.
Diagnósticos diferenciais
- Vasoespasmo, embolia ou insuficiência
- Doença arterial coronariana (DAC)
- Infarto do miocárdio
Mais Diagnósticos diferenciaisDiretrizes
- Thoracic outlet syndrome part I: systematic review of the literature and consensus on anatomy, diagnosis, and classification of thoracic outlet syndrome by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies’ section of peripheral nerve surgery
- Thoracic outlet syndrome part II: consensus on the management of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies' section of peripheral nerve surgery
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